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US: dairy sector
This page contains data regarding key components of the United States dairy industry over a given time period.
The purpose of this report is two-fold:
- on the one hand, it highlights the complexity of the industry, which should be considered from several viewpoints:
the commodities area, the variety of dairy derivatives, imports, exports and domestic consumption; - on the other hand, it exemplifies the framework of a market that equates large domestic consumption figures (supported by import volumes) to large production figures.
Latest climate weekly reports about precipitations and temperatures.
Total Precipitation: level of rainfall;
Temperature anomalies: variation compared to historical mean temperature;
Min Temperature: minimum temperature;
Max Temperature: maximum temperature;
Total Precipitation
Temperature anomalies
Min Temperature
Max Temperature
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| US: DAIRY SECTOR | ||||||||||
| x 1.000 ton | ||||||||||
| RAW MATERIAL AREA | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2024 | % | Period | ||
| Farms ('000) | 1.993 | 1.960 | 1.901 | 1.897 | ||||||
| Number of cows ('000 head) | 9.442 | 9.386 | 9.405 | 9.349 | 9.366 | 9.325 | -0,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Cow's milk production | 101.292 | 102.646 | 102.702 | 102.678 | 94.135 | 93.889 | -0,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| ± % Over the same period of the previous year | +1,3% | +0,1% | 0,0% | |||||||
| Farm-gate milk price € x 100 Kg ** | 35,00 | 34,59 | 53,13 | 41,49 | 41,51 | 45,79 | +10,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| ± % Over the same period of the previous year | -1,2% | +53,6% | -21,9% | |||||||
| Corn price (North West Iowa, IA) (€\Ton) | 116,8 | 194,4 | 267,0 | 214,1 | 214,1 | 155,1 | -27,5% | Jan-Dec 2024 | ||
| Soybeans price (Western Illinois, IL) (€\Ton) | 320,0 | 450,1 | 571,4 | 506,8 | 506,8 | 391,2 | -22,8% | Jan-Dec 2024 | ||
| DAIRY PRODUCTION | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2024 | % | Period | ||
| Liquid milk | 21.031 | 20.192 | 19.708 | 19.424 | ||||||
| Butter | 973 | 936 | 934 | 959 | 872 | 921 | +5,6% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Cream Sour | 663 | 677 | 678 | 689 | 629 | 631 | +0,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Cheese | 6.005 | 6.242 | 6.389 | 6.446 | 5.898 | 5.920 | +0,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Italian Mozzarella | 2.016 | 2.040 | 2.110 | 2.089 | 1.907 | 1.980 | +3,8% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Cheddar | 1.737 | 1.801 | 1.798 | 1.856 | 1.703 | 1.603 | -5,9% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Americal Colby & Jack & Monterey | 685 | 746 | 775 | 795 | 726 | 737 | +1,5% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Cream & Neufchatel | 459 | 465 | 507 | 495 | 455 | 495 | +8,7% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Italian Parmesan & Similar | 190 | 220 | 220 | 222 | 203 | 186 | -8,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Italian Provolone & Similar | 166 | 172 | 168 | 171 | 157 | 159 | +1,6% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Hispanic | 157 | 160 | 175 | 192 | 174 | 174 | -0,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Swiss | 147 | 150 | 159 | 152 | 139 | 136 | -2,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Italian Ricotta & Similar | 115 | 114 | 112 | 112 | 102 | 99 | -3,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Muenster | 85 | 87 | 87 | 92 | ||||||
| Feta | 62 | 77 | 64 | 66 | 62 | 64 | +4,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Blue e Gorgonzola | 33 | 40 | 42 | 38 | 35 | 38 | +7,2% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Italian Romano & Similar | 25 | 31 | 26 | 23 | 21 | 25 | +21,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Gouda | 20 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 25 | 33 | +30,6% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Brick | 0,7 | 0,9 | 0,7 | 0,7 | ||||||
| Altri formaggi | 107 | 114 | 117 | 114 | 105 | 106 | +1,3% | Jan- 2024 | ||
| Cottage Cream | 165 | 154 | 156 | 171 | 158 | 174 | +10,1% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Cottage Curd | 172 | 163 | 164 | 181 | 167 | 186 | +11,8% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Cottage Lowfat | 140 | 138 | 133 | 152 | 140 | 158 | +12,8% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| WMP (whole milk powder) | 63 | 67 | 62 | 50 | 46 | 46 | +0,8% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| NDM (skimmed milk powder) | 885 | 929 | 887 | 847 | 781 | 698 | -10,6% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| SMP (skimmed milk powder) | 315 | 317 | 298 | 315 | 286 | 228 | -20,2% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Whey powder | 435 | 405 | 415 | 426 | 393 | 360 | -8,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Condensed milk (Whole and Skimmed Canned Milk) | 262 | 249 | 253 | |||||||
| Lactose | 508 | 509 | 504 | 501 | 460 | 461 | +0,1% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| WPC (Whey Protein Concentrate) | 217 | 210 | 205 | 228 | 208 | 203 | -2,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| WPI 90 (Whey Protein Isolated) | 51 | 59 | 59 | 64 | 57 | 79 | +38,6% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Yogurt | 2.046 | 2.152 | 2.026 | 2.082 | 1.919 | 2.035 | +6,1% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Frozen Yogurt (Mio Litri) | 133 | 153 | 144 | 160 | 148 | 153 | +3,0% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Ice cream, regular, hard (Mio Litri) | 2.903 | 2.726 | 2.830 | 2.657 | 2.488 | 2.567 | +3,2% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Ice cream lowfat, total (Mio Litri) | 1.752 | 1.808 | 1.687 | 1.707 | 1.606 | 1.437 | -10,5% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Ice cream, lowfat, hard (Mio Litri) | 949 | 865 | 823 | 860 | 812 | 750 | -7,7% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Ice cream, lowfat, soft (Mio Litri) | 803 | 943 | 863 | 846 | 793 | 687 | -13,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| Ice cream, nonfat, hard (Mio Litri) | 21 | 25 | 32 | 30 | 28 | 21 | -23,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | ||
| EXPORT | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2024 | % | Period | ||
| Bulk and pack. milk (HS 040110+040120) |
|
106 | 120 | 122 | 103 | 94 | 97 | +3,9% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Cream (HS 040130+040140+040150) |
|
24 | 26 | 28 | 37 | 34 | 36 | +6,2% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Condensed milk (HS 040291+040299) |
|
11 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 17 | -17,8% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Butter (HS 0405) |
|
27 | 57 | 69 | 36 | 33 | 41 | +23,7% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| of which: | ||||||||||
| Anhydrous Milk Fat (HS 040590) |
|
5,1 | 13 | 16 | 6,1 | 5,5 | 12 | +126,0% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Cheese (HS 0406) |
|
358 | 404 | 454 | 435 | 399 | 469 | +17,7% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| SMP (skimmed milk powder - HS 040210) |
|
816 | 880 | 837 | 809 | 745 | 696 | -6,6% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| WMP (whole milk powder - HS 040221+040229) |
|
39 | 39 | 39 | 26 | 24 | 24 | -3,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Whey powder (HS 0404) |
|
546 | 592 | 663 | 534 | 492 | 511 | +3,8% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| of which: | ||||||||||
| Sweet dairy Whey (12% protein) e WPC (HS 040410) |
|
504 | 551 | 615 | 490 | 452 | 471 | +4,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Casein (HS 350110) |
|
1,9 | 1,8 | 2,1 | 1,1 | 1,1 | 5,6 | +424,0% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Caseinates (HS 350190) |
|
1,6 | 2,1 | 2,5 | 2,6 | 2,3 | 2,6 | +14,9% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Lactose pharmaceutical (HS 170211) |
|
304 | 322 | 413 | 434 | 400 | 374 | -6,5% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Lactose edible (HS 170299) |
|
75 | 69 | 40 | 37 | 35 | 21 | -39,0% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Infant milk formula (HS 190110) |
|
32 | 28 | 29 | 28 | 26 | 23 | -8,7% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Yogurt e latticello (HS 0403) |
|
37 | 41 | 41 | 48 | 44 | 56 | +25,8% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Fat-Filled Milk Powder (FFMP) (HS 190190) |
|
173 | 162 | 175 | 170 | 157 | 149 | -5,0% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) (HS 350220) |
|
59 | 65 | 65 | 76 | 70 | 81 | +16,7% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| IMPORT | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2024 | % | Period | ||
| Bulk and pack. milk (HS 040110+040120) |
|
33 | 35 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 22 | +1,5% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Cream (HS 040130+040140+040150) |
|
25 | 19 | 32 | 58 | 52 | 50 | -3,9% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Condensed milk (HS 040291+040299) |
|
26 | 23 | 37 | 37 | 33 | 45 | +35,2% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Butter (HS 0405) |
|
69 | 63 | 73 | 81 | 73 | 99 | +34,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| of which: | ||||||||||
| Anhydrous Milk Fat (HS 040590) |
|
27 | 14 | 21 | 19 | 17 | 20 | +15,0% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Cheese (HS 0406) |
|
165 | 188 | 189 | 193 | 176 | 195 | +10,7% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| SMP (skimmed milk powder - HS 040210) |
|
0,7 | 0,4 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,5 | -39,2% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| WMP (whole milk powder - HS 040221+040229) |
|
23 | 12 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 17 | +28,5% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Whey powder (HS 0404) |
|
84 | 84 | 79 | 81 | 75 | 88 | +18,4% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| of which: | ||||||||||
| Sweet dairy Whey (12% protein) e WPC (HS 040410) |
|
41 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 40 | 42 | +3,2% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Casein (HS 350110) |
|
46 | 53 | 81 | 51 | 47 | 36 | -24,6% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Caseinates (HS 350190) |
|
21 | 22 | 24 | 31 | 29 | 20 | -28,3% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Lactose pharmaceutical (HS 170211) |
|
2,7 | 2,9 | 3,2 | 3,3 | 3,0 | 2,6 | -12,9% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Lactose edible (HS 170299) |
|
0,5 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,4 | -43,6% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Infant milk formula (HS 190110) |
|
9,3 | 17 | 42 | 40 | 35 | 56 | +60,5% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Yogurt e latticello (HS 0403) |
|
25 | 27 | 35 | 41 | 38 | 45 | +17,7% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Fat-Filled Milk Powder (FFMP) (HS 190190) |
|
195 | 230 | 255 | 252 | 232 | 244 | +4,9% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) (HS 350220) |
|
8,5 | 14 | 11 | 9,9 | 8,9 | 14 | +58,9% | Jan-Nov 2024 | |
| STOCK (al 31 December) | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2024 | % | Period | ||
| Butter | 124 | 90 | 98 | 91 | 97 | 97 | +0,4% | Nov 2024 | ||
| Cheese (no fresh cheese) | 633 | 654 | 656 | 654 | 652 | 605 | -7,2% | Nov 2024 | ||
| SMP Human Use | 131 | 115 | 116 | 90 | 91 | 108 | +18,9% | Nov 2024 | ||
| SMP Animal Use | 3,9 | 2,7 | 3,7 | 2,9 | 3,7 | 4,2 | +14,5% | Nov 2024 | ||
| WMP (Whole Milk Powder) | 7,7 | 11 | 6,9 | 5,9 | 4,6 | 4,9 | +6,8% | Nov 2024 | ||
| Condensed milk (Whole and Skimmed Canned Milk) | 16 | 21 | 18 | 18 | ||||||
| Whey Powder Human Use | 29 | 25 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 25 | -18,8% | Nov 2024 | ||
| Whey Powder Animal Use | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,6 | 1,8 | 2,0 | 1,6 | -18,6% | Nov 2024 | ||
| WPC | 29 | 31 | 37 | 28 | 29 | 24 | -16,1% | Nov 2024 | ||
| I° Classification | ||||||||||
| - WPC Human Use | 28 | 30 | 37 | 27 | 28 | 24 | -15,5% | Nov 2024 | ||
| - WPC Animal Use | 0,4 | 0,7 | 0,4 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 0,5 | -37,9% | Nov 2024 | ||
| 2° Classification | ||||||||||
| - WPC 25-49.9% s.s. | 12 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 9,9 | -17,7% | Nov 2024 | ||
| - WPC 50-89.9% s.s. | 16 | 21 | 24 | 17 | 17 | 14 | -15,1% | Nov 2024 | ||
| Lactose | 56 | 76 | 78 | 49 | 50 | 53 | +5,5% | Nov 2024 | ||
| DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION (Source: FAS-USDA) | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2024 | % | Period | ||
| Cheese | 5.745 | 5.964 | 6.079 | 6.153 | 6.153 | 6.178 | +0,4% | Jan-Dec 2024 | Butter | 978 | 981 | 938 | 1.011 | 1.011 | 1.067 | +5,5% | Jan-Dec 2024 | SMP | 384 | 374 | 354 | 386 | 386 | 235 | -39,1% | Jan-Dec 2024 | WMP | 34 | 33 | 40 | 36 | 36 | 48 | +33,3% | Jan-Dec 2024 |
| PER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONS (kg) | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2024 | % | Period | ||
| Cheese | 16,93 | 17,53 | 17,80 | 17,91 | ||||||
| Butter | 2,88 | 2,88 | 2,75 | 2,94 | ||||||
| SMP | 1,13 | 1,10 | 1,04 | 1,12 | ||||||
| WMP | 0,10 | 0,10 | 0,12 | 0,10 | ||||||
| % Self-sufficiency | 100,1% | 100,1% | 100,1% | 100,1% | ||||||
| SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2024(f) | % | Period | ||
| GDP (gross domestic product) | -2,16% | 6,06% | 2,51% | 2,89% | 2,89% | 2,60% | Jan-Dic 2024 | |||
| CPI (consumer price index) | 1,23% | 4,70% | 8,00% | 4,12% | 4,12% | 2,80% | Jan-Dic 2024 | |||
| Population ('000) | 339.436 | 340.161 | 341.534 | 343.477 | ||||||
| GDP per capita (U.S. dollars) | 63.577 | 70.160 (e) | 76.349 (e) | 80.035 (e) | ||||||
| GDP per capita (€) * | 55.625 | 59.320(e) | 72.502(e) | 74.018(e) | ||||||
(e): estimated
* Per capita GDP in Euro is calculated by using the yearly average exchange rate
(p): partial data
(f): forecast
** Fluid Grade
NOTE:Per capita consumptions are obtained dividing total consumption (Source FAS-USDA ) by the population (Source FAO)
Source:
Raw material area: USDA, ERS; Cow's milk production: National Agricultural Statistics Service
Dairy production: National Agricultural Statistics Service and USDA
Export and Import: Census Bureau
Consumption: FAS-USDA
GDP and CPI: Intesa Sanpaolo
GDP per capita: International Monetary Found
Population: FAO
Note: Self-sufficiency rate = Milk deliveries/(Domestic use in milk equivalent ME)
Domestic use in milk equivalent (ME) = Milk deliveries + Import in ME - Export in ME
The Self-sufficiency rate does not consider the trade of FFMP (fat-filled milk powder) - HS 190190 and the infant milk formula.
Last update: 2025-01-14
* Per capita GDP in Euro is calculated by using the yearly average exchange rate
(p): partial data
(f): forecast
** Fluid Grade
NOTE:Per capita consumptions are obtained dividing total consumption (Source FAS-USDA ) by the population (Source FAO)
Vedi Metric Conversion Factors
| METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS | ||||
| 1 Hectare = 2.4710 Acres; 1 Kilogram = 2.2046 Pounds | ||||
| 1 Metric Ton | := | Domestic Unit | * | Factor |
| Wheat & Soybeans | := | bushels | * | 0.027216 |
| Rice | := | cwt | * | 0.045359 |
| Rapeseed & Sunflowerseed | := | cwt | * | 0.045359 |
| Corn, Sorghum & Rye | := | bushels | * | 0.025401 |
| Barley | := | bushels | * | 0.021772 |
| Oats | := | bushels | * | 0.014515 |
| Sugar | := | short tons | * | 0.907185 |
| Cotton | := | 480-lb bales | * | 0.217720 |
|
UK cwt: in UK CWT is "long hundred weight" (long is equivalent to gross) = 112 lbs, that equals to 50.8024 Kg. USA cwt : in USA CWT is "short hundred weight" (short is equivalent to net)=100 lbs, that equals to 45.3592 Kg. |
||||
Source:
Raw material area: USDA, ERS; Cow's milk production: National Agricultural Statistics Service
Dairy production: National Agricultural Statistics Service and USDA
Export and Import: Census Bureau
Consumption: FAS-USDA
GDP and CPI: Intesa Sanpaolo
GDP per capita: International Monetary Found
Population: FAO
Note: Self-sufficiency rate = Milk deliveries/(Domestic use in milk equivalent ME)
Domestic use in milk equivalent (ME) = Milk deliveries + Import in ME - Export in ME
The Self-sufficiency rate does not consider the trade of FFMP (fat-filled milk powder) - HS 190190 and the infant milk formula.
Last update: 2025-01-14
| US: Export on Production | |||||
| Product | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | Nov 2024 | Jan-Nov 2024 |
| Butter | 6,1% | 7,4% | 3,7% | 5,8% | 4,5% |
| Cheese | 6,5% | 7,1% | 6,8% | 7,6% | 7,9% |
| WMP | 58,4% | 62,8% | 51,5% | 70,5% | 50,9% |
| SMP | 76,1% | 75,1% | 75,3% | 71,4% | 75,2% |
| Whey | 71,8% | 81,7% | 62,0% | 59,6% | 63,4% |
| Lactose | 76,8% | 89,8% | 94,0% | 82,4% | 85,7% |
NOTE:
SMP: SMP+NDM Production, SMP (040210) Export Code
Whey: Whey + WPC (25% - 50%) Production, Whey (0404) Export Code
Lactose: Lactose Production, Lactose edible + pharmaceutical (170211+170219) Export Code
SMP: SMP+NDM Production, SMP (040210) Export Code
Whey: Whey + WPC (25% - 50%) Production, Whey (0404) Export Code
Lactose: Lactose Production, Lactose edible + pharmaceutical (170211+170219) Export Code