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US: dairy sector

This page contains data regarding key components of the United States dairy industry over a given time period.

The purpose of this report is two-fold:

  • on the one hand, it highlights the complexity of the industry, which should be considered from several viewpoints:
    the commodities area, the variety of dairy derivatives, imports, exports and domestic consumption;

  • on the other hand, it exemplifies the framework of a market that equates large domestic consumption figures (supported by import volumes) to large production figures.

US: DAIRY SECTOR
  x 1.000 ton
RAW MATERIAL AREA 2019 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023 % Period
Farms ('000) 2.023 2.019 2.012 2.003
Number of cows ('000 head) 9.347 9.434 9.383 9.404 9.411 9.419 +0,1% Jan-Aug 2023
Cow's milk production 99.084 101.292 102.646 102.722 69.093 69.367 +0,4% Jan-Aug 2023
± % Over the same period of the previous year +2,2% +1,3% +0,1%
Farm-gate milk price € x 100 Kg ** 36,76 35,00 34,59 53,13 52,56 40,86 -22,3% Jan-Aug 2023
± % Over the same period of the previous year -4,8% -1,2% +53,6%
Corn price (North West Iowa, IA) (€\Ton) 130,3 116,8 194,4 267,0 267,5 229,1 (p) -14,4% Jan-Sep 2023
Soybeans price (Western Illinois, IL) (€\Ton) 295,5 320,0 450,1 571,4 582,3 520,0 (p) -10,7% Jan-Sep 2023
DAIRY PRODUCTION 2019 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023 % Period
Liquid milk 21.054 21.031 20.190
Butter 905 973 936 934 569 592 +4,0% Jan-Jul 2023
Cream Sour 646 663 677 678 385 388 +0,9% Jan-Jul 2023
Cheese 5.959 6.005 6.242 6.379 3.726 3.739 +0,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Italian Mozzarella 2.039 2.016 2.040 2.099 1.218 1.215 -0,2% Jan-Jul 2023
Cheddar 1.695 1.737 1.801 1.798 1.058 1.084 +2,5% Jan-Jul 2023
Americal Colby & Jack & Monterey 678 685 746 760 442 451 +2,0% Jan-Jul 2023
Cream & Neufchatel 424 459 465 513 304 299 -1,6% Jan-Jul 2023
Italian Parmesan & Similar 187 190 220 224 129 132 +2,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Italian Provolone & Similar 174 166 172 174 102 96 -6,0% Jan-Jul 2023
Hispanic 151 157 160 175 99 105 +6,7% Jan-Jul 2023
Swiss 153 147 150 159 95 90 -5,0% Jan-Jul 2023
Italian Ricotta & Similar 111 115 114 112 64 61 -4,0% Jan-Jul 2023
Muenster 89 85 87 87
Feta 59 62 77 64 36 39 +8,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Blue e Gorgonzola 43 33 40 42 25 22 -11,7% Jan-Jul 2023
Italian Romano & Similar 25 25 31 26 15 13 -17,9% Jan-Jul 2023
Gouda 22 20 26 28 18 16 -10,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Brick 0,9 0,7 0,9 0,7
Altri formaggi 107 107 114 117 68 64 -6,4% Jan- 2023
Cottage Cream 162 165 154 156 90 99 +9,9% Jan-Jul 2023
Cottage Curd 177 172 163 164 95 103 +7,9% Jan-Jul 2023
Cottage Lowfat 149 140 138 133 79 84 +7,0% Jan-Jul 2023
WMP (whole milk powder) 64 63 67 62 37 30 -20,1% Jan-Jul 2023
NDM (skimmed milk powder) 840 885 929 893 569 579 +1,8% Jan-Jul 2023
SMP (skimmed milk powder) 260 315 317 298 157 130 -17,1% Jan-Jul 2023
Whey powder 443 435 405 415 246 251 +2,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Condensed milk (Whole and Skimmed Canned Milk) 203 262 249 253
Lactose 556 508 509 504 298 293 -1,9% Jan-Jul 2023
WPC (Whey Protein Concentrate) 223 217 210 205 116 131 +12,9% Jan-Jul 2023
WPI 90 (Whey Protein Isolated) 54 51 59 59 37 29 -20,4% Jan-Jul 2023
Yogurt 1.986 2.046 2.152 2.097 1.235 1.278 +3,4% Jan-Jul 2023
Frozen Yogurt (Mio Litri) 215 133 153 173 107 108 +0,1% Jan-Jul 2023
Ice cream, regular, hard (Mio Litri) 2.685 2.903 2.726 2.751 1.631 1.633 +0,1% Jan-Jul 2023
Ice cream lowfat, total (Mio Litri) 1.794 1.752 1.808 1.690 1.039 991 -4,6% Jan-Jul 2023
Ice cream, lowfat, hard (Mio Litri) 902 949 865 828 501 502 +0,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Ice cream, lowfat, soft (Mio Litri) 892 803 943 861 538 489 -9,1% Jan-Jul 2023
Ice cream, nonfat, hard (Mio Litri) 26 21 25 28 17 17 -2,0% Jan-Jul 2023
EXPORT 2019 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023 % Period
Bulk and pack. milk (HS 040110+040120)
TOP importers
106 106 120 120 77 61 -21,5% Jan-Jul 2023
Cream (HS 040130+040140+040150)
TOP importers
25 24 26 28 18 21 +16,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Condensed milk (HS 040291+040299)
TOP importers
18 11 16 20 12 11 -3,6% Jan-Jul 2023
Butter (HS 0405)
TOP importers
29 27 57 82 45 25 -44,5% Jan-Jul 2023
of which:
Anhydrous Milk Fat (HS 040590)
TOP importers
7,0 5,1 13 16 10,0 4,2 -58,2% Jan-Jul 2023
Cheese (HS 0406)
TOP importers
361 358 404 454 268 252 -6,1% Jan-Jul 2023
SMP (skimmed milk powder - HS 040210)
TOP importers
704 816 880 837 495 490 -0,9% Jan-Jul 2023
WMP (whole milk powder - HS 040221+040229)
TOP importers
39 39 39 39 25 16 -34,8% Jan-Jul 2023
Whey powder (HS 0404)
TOP importers
439 546 592 663 380 309 -18,8% Jan-Jul 2023
of which:
Sweet dairy Whey (12% protein) e WPC (HS 040410)
TOP importers
404 504 551 615 353 281 -20,5% Jan-Jul 2023
Casein (HS 350110)
TOP importers
1,9 1,9 1,8 2,1 1,4 0,7 -48,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Caseinates (HS 350190)
TOP importers
1,5 1,6 2,1 2,5 1,5 1,3 -13,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Lactose pharmaceutical (HS 170211)
TOP importers
293 304 322 413 235 256 +8,8% Jan-Jul 2023
Lactose edible (HS 170299)
TOP importers
85 75 69 40 24 21 -13,9% Jan-Jul 2023
Infant milk formula (HS 190110)
TOP importers
34 32 28 29 18 18 -1,8% Jan-Jul 2023
Yogurt e latticello (HS 0403)
TOP importers
17 37 41 41 25 27 +5,2% Jan-Jul 2023
Fat-Filled Milk Powder (FFMP) (HS 190190)
TOP importers
163 173 162 176 96 109 +14,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) (HS 350220)
TOP importers
48 59 65 65 38 42 +11,9% Jan-Jul 2023
IMPORT 2019 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023 % Period
Bulk and pack. milk (HS 040110+040120)
TOP exporters
12 33 35 26 15 15 +0,1% Jan-Jul 2023
Cream (HS 040130+040140+040150)
TOP exporters
18 25 19 32 15 30 +105,0% Jan-Jul 2023
Condensed milk (HS 040291+040299)
TOP exporters
30 26 23 37 21 21 -1,0% Jan-Jul 2023
Butter (HS 0405)
TOP exporters
68 69 63 73 40 47 +17,1% Jan-Jul 2023
of which:
Anhydrous Milk Fat (HS 040590)
TOP exporters
24 27 14 21 12 12 -3,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Cheese (HS 0406)
TOP exporters
181 165 188 189 102 102 -0,3% Jan-Jul 2023
SMP (skimmed milk powder - HS 040210)
TOP exporters
0,5 0,7 0,4 0,6 0,4 0,5 +36,4% Jan-Jul 2023
WMP (whole milk powder - HS 040221+040229)
TOP exporters
14 23 12 16 8,4 9,0 +7,4% Jan-Jul 2023
Whey powder (HS 0404)
TOP exporters
91 84 84 79 50 48 -2,9% Jan-Jul 2023
of which:
Sweet dairy Whey (12% protein) e WPC (HS 040410)
TOP exporters
48 41 44 44 26 27 +4,6% Jan-Jul 2023
Casein (HS 350110)
TOP exporters
49 46 53 81 39 34 -11,1% Jan-Jul 2023
Caseinates (HS 350190)
TOP exporters
20 21 22 24 13 19 +41,2% Jan-Jul 2023
Lactose pharmaceutical (HS 170211)
TOP exporters
3,2 2,7 2,9 3,2 1,8 2,1 +12,4% Jan-Jul 2023
Lactose edible (HS 170299)
TOP exporters
0,3 0,5 0,4 0,5 0,3 0,5 +69,8% Jan-Jul 2023
Infant milk formula (HS 190110)
TOP exporters
3,3 9,3 17 42 20 21 +6,7% Jan-Jul 2023
Yogurt e latticello (HS 0403)
TOP exporters
26 25 27 35 20 25 +22,4% Jan-Jul 2023
Fat-Filled Milk Powder (FFMP) (HS 190190)
TOP exporters
181 195 230 255 149 148 -0,3% Jan-Jul 2023
Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) (HS 350220)
TOP exporters
14 8,5 14 11 7,0 5,2 -24,9% Jan-Jul 2023
STOCK (al 31 December) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023 % Period
Butter 86 124 90 98 126 131 +3,9% Aug 2023
Cheese (no fresh cheese) 600 633 654 656 672 676 +0,5% Aug 2023
SMP Human Use 112 131 115 116 151 128 -15,0% Jul 2023
SMP Animal Use 5,7 3,9 2,7 3,7 3,7 3,2 -13,6% Jul 2023
WMP (Whole Milk Powder) 5,5 7,7 11 6,9 7,4 4,0 -46,2% Jul 2023
Condensed milk (Whole and Skimmed Canned Milk) 16 16 21 18
Whey Powder Human Use 32 29 25 31 32 38 +17,7% Jul 2023
Whey Powder Animal Use 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,6 0,5 1,6 +194,8% Jul 2023
WPC 30 29 31 37 34 37 +8,3% Jul 2023
I° Classification
- WPC Human Use 30 28 30 37 34 37 +7,9% Jul 2023
- WPC Animal Use 0,3 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,5 0,7 +36,6% Jul 2023
2° Classification
- WPC 25-49.9% s.s. 12 12 11 13 11 15 +46,6% Jul 2023
- WPC 50-89.9% s.s. 18 16 21 24 24 22 -8,5% Jul 2023
Lactose 50 56 76 78 76 66 -14,1% Jul 2023
DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION (Source: FAS-USDA) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023(f) % Period
Cheese 5.751 5.745 5.964 6.055 6.055 6.198 +2,4% Jan-Dec 2023
Butter 940 978 981 924 924 1.003 +8,5% Jan-Dec 2023
SMP 422 384 374 366 366 388 +6,0% Jan-Dec 2023
WMP 36 34 33 40 40 41 +2,5% Jan-Dec 2023
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONS (kg) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023(f) % Period
Cheese 17,20 17,10 17,70 17,90
Butter 2,81 2,91 2,91 2,73
SMP 1,26 1,14 1,11 1,08
WMP 0,11 0,10 0,10 0,12
% Self-sufficiency 100,1% 100,1% 100,1% 100,1%
SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2019 2020 2021 2022 2022 2023(f) % Period
GDP (gross domestic product) 2,29% -2,77% 5,95% 2,06% 2,06% 1,93% Jan-Dic 2023
CPI (consumer price index) 1,81% 1,23% 4,70% 8,00% 8,00% 4,11% Jan-Dic 2023
Population ('000) 334.320 335.942 336.998 338.290
GDP per capita (U.S. dollars) 65.052 63.079 69.231 (e) 76.027 (e)
GDP per capita (€) * 58.106 55.189 58.535(e) 72.197(e)
(e) estimated
* Per capita GDP in Euro is calculated by using the yearly average exchange rate
(p): partial data
(f): forecast
** Fluid Grade
NOTE:Per capita consumptions are obtained dividing total consumption (Source FAS-USDA ) by the population (Source FAO)

Vedi Metric Conversion Factors
METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS
1 Hectare = 2.4710 Acres; 1 Kilogram = 2.2046 Pounds
1 Metric Ton:=Domestic Unit*Factor
Wheat & Soybeans:=bushels*0.027216
Rice:=cwt*0.045359
Rapeseed & Sunflowerseed:=cwt*0.045359
Corn, Sorghum & Rye:=bushels*0.025401
Barley:=bushels*0.021772
Oats:=bushels*0.014515
Sugar:=short tons*0.907185
Cotton:=480-lb bales*0.217720
UK cwt: in UK CWT is "long hundred weight" (long is equivalent to gross) = 112 lbs, that equals to 50.8024 Kg.
USA cwt : in USA CWT is "short hundred weight" (short is equivalent to net)=100 lbs, that equals to 45.3592 Kg.

Source:
Raw material area: USDA, ERS; Cow's milk production: National Agricultural Statistics Service
Dairy production: National Agricultural Statistics Service and USDA
Export and Import: Census Bureau
Consumption: FAS-USDA
GDP and CPI: Intesa Sanpaolo
GDP per capita: International Monetary Found
Population: FAO
Note: Self-sufficiency rate = Milk deliveries/(Domestic use in milk equivalent ME)
Domestic use in milk equivalent (ME) = Milk deliveries + Import in ME - Export in ME
The Self-sufficiency rate does not consider the trade of FFMP (fat-filled milk powder) - HS 190190 and the infant milk formula.

Last update: 2023-10-03
US: Export on Production
Product 2020 2021 2022 Jul 2023 Jan-Jul 2023
Butter 2,8% 6,1% 8,8% 4,8% 4,3%
Cheese 6,0% 6,5% 7,1% 7,0% 6,7%
WMP 61,6% 58,4% 62,8% 81,5% 55,1%
SMP 80,4% 83,1% 81,8% 73,2% 69,2%
Whey 74,8% 82,8% 94,4% 47,1% 57,1%
Lactose 74,5% 76,8% 89,8% 90,2% 94,2%
NOTE:
SMP
: SMP+NDM Production, SMP (040210) Export Code
Whey: Whey + WPC (25% - 50%) Production, Whey (0404) Export Code
Lactose: Lactose Production, Lactose edible + pharmaceutical (170211+170219) Export Code
NOTE: Access to World Dairy Trade, which also contains the processing of Import / Export of the United States with MONTHLY UPDATES, is reserved for Supporters of CLAL.it